You can then measure each angle of interest by stopping the video and using a protractor. Tip: Since you are measuring angles, it may help to record each other walking using the Slo-Mo function on your cell phone camera. Record your data on your Human Anchor Chart.Examples include: The angle of your heel as it hits the ground or the angle of the tibia (shin bone) and femur at the knee. Decide which type of data you will collect that will help you analyze gait. You and your partner will take turns walking and observing each other’s gait.(If you take one step, the distance from the back heel of one foot to the front heel of the other foot is your stride.) Mark out a path on the floor that allows for five natural strides.You can work with a partner, or set up a video camera to record yourself walking. To better understand how the shape of the pelvis influences gait, let’s gather some data on the way you walk and compare it to the gait of a close relative: the chimpanzee. Credit: QuinticConsultancy via Youtube Take a look at a human’s gait Use this human leg diagram to help with your observations of gait. Next, your heel comes off the ground as you push off with the ball, or the front part, of your foot. When you walk, your heel hits the ground first. Gait describes the way that someone or something walks. Create a drawing that shows the direction of movement and the limitations of that movement.Does the joint restrict the types of movement the leg can make? How so?.Hold on to the cup with one hand and move the leg around with your other hand.Connect the lower leg template to the femur template with a brass fastener.Attach the femur template to the toothpick.Put the toothpick in the Styrofoam ball.Secure the ball in the cup with a rubber band.Instructions Credit: Michael Kosko via GIPHY (The shoulder is another example of a ball-and-socket joint.)įollow the directions below to model how a human leg connects to the pelvis through a ball-and-socket joint. The pelvis has a socket-called an acetabulum-on either side, one for each leg bone. In such a joint, a bone with a rounded end moves within a depression, or socket, in another bone. This connection is called a ball-and-socket joint. Illustration by Jay RasgorshekĪn important feature of many bipedal vertebrates is how the upper leg, called the femur, connects to a bony structure called the pelvis. In this activity, you will explore the evolutionary relationship between birds and theropod dinosaurs, and use a study of bird movements to create a dinosaur puppet that models how theropods might have moved. hummingbirds, sparrows), the dinosaur ancestors of birds (theropod dinosaurs) were originally meat eaters. Although many modern birds do not eat meat (e.g. Organisms that are close together on a phylogenetic tree have more characteristics in common than those organisms that are farther away from each other. Phylogenetic trees like this one show the evolutionary relationships between organisms. Some even had feathers! Created by Xochitl Garcia (Based on phylogenetic tree by University of California Museum of Paleontology) Like birds, theropod dinosaurs were bipedal (walked on two legs), had a three-toed foot, a forcula (or wishbone), and air-filled bones. For example, paleontologists can examine how modern birds incubate their eggs to hypothesize about what egg incubation might have looked like in dinosaurs. Studying modern birds can give us insights into how those dinosaurs might have lived. Those dinosaurs were members of a group called theropods, which included T. The birds you see today evolved from dinosaurs that roamed earth between 145 and 201.3 million years ago. What similarities do you see? What differences? Illustration by Jay Rasgorshekĭid you notice that a lot of the bones are in the same place? What about the tails? Maybe you observed that the T. The two skeletons are not to scale, they are depicted in these sizes to facilitate observation. How awesome is that?! Look at the skeletons of a Tyrannosaurus rex and a chicken below. What can birds tell us about what dinosaurs looked like and how they moved?ĭid you know that not all dinosaurs are extinct? Technically speaking, birds you see today are dinosaurs.
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